What are methods that deliberately prevent pregnancy called?

The term that refers to methods specifically designed to prevent pregnancy is contraception. Contraceptive methods work by controlling or inhibiting the process of conception in various ways, which can include hormonal birth control, barrier methods, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and natural family planning techniques.

In contrast, fertility treatments focus on assisting individuals or couples in becoming pregnant when they experience difficulties. Insemination refers to the process of introducing sperm into the female reproductive system, aiming to facilitate conception, and gestation is the period of development that occurs from conception until birth. Each of these options has a different focus, but contraception is uniquely defined by its goal of preventing pregnancy. This is why contraception is the correct answer in this context.