What type of immunity is primarily built through vaccinations?

Vaccinations primarily build adaptive immunity. This type of immunity develops as the immune system responds to specific pathogens. When a vaccine introduces antigens into the body, it stimulates an immune response that includes the production of antibodies. This process not only helps protect against future infections from the targeted pathogen but also creates memory cells that enable a faster and more effective response if the body encounters the real pathogen later on.

Natural immunity, in contrast, occurs when a person is exposed to a pathogen naturally, either through infection or environmental exposure. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense and is not specific to particular pathogens. It provides immediate but generalized protection. Passive immunity, such as that gained through maternal antibodies transferred during pregnancy or breastfeeding, offers temporary protection and does not involve the individual's immune response. Therefore, adaptive immunity is the most accurate answer as it is specifically developed through targeted immunizations.