Which of the following is NOT one of the types of attachment styles identified in children?

The answer is independent attachment because it is not recognized as a valid attachment style in children. Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby and further expanded by Mary Ainsworth, identifies several key styles of attachment based on the emotional bonds formed between children and their caregivers. The three primary styles are secure attachment, anxious-ambivalent attachment, and avoidant attachment.

Secure attachment occurs when a child feels safe and understood, leading to a healthy emotional bond. Anxious-ambivalent attachment, also known as anxious-resistant attachment, is characterized by a child’s heightened anxiety and uncertainty regarding caregiver responsiveness. Avoidant attachment is seen when a child tends to avoid or ignore their caregiver, often due to discomfort with closeness.

Independent attachment, however, does not fall within these established categories and suggests a misunderstanding of attachment dynamics. Therefore, it does not align with the research and classifications found in attachment theory.